Publications
Class and subclass selection in parasite-specific antibody responses
Garraud O, Perraut R, Riveau G, Nutman TB.
Trends in parasitology, 2003, 19(7):300-4. (PMID : 12855380)
Antibodies are characteristically induced in many parasitic infection processes. The class and subclass of the antibody response is instrumental because each isotype has a distinct biological function. It is thus crucially important for an infected individual to mount the most appropriate secondary antibody response--that is the response that has the best chance of clearing the infection and/or controlling disease. This represents a fundamental of vaccine strategies. Immuno-epidemiological surveys and in vitro models of antibody production have helped to understand some of the goals which should be achieved when designing antiparasitic vaccines.
Differential production in vitro of antigen specific IgG1, IgG3 and IgA: a study in Schistosoma haematobium infected individuals.
Béniguel L, Diallo TO, Remoué F, Williams DL, Cognasse F, Charrier-Mze N, N'Diaye AA, Perraut R, Capron M, Riveau G, Garraud O.
Parasite immunology, 2003, 25(1):39-44. (PMID : 12753436)
This study has evaluated the individual control of isotype production and the influence of external signals that can be experimentally provided in vitro, in antibody responses to two different recombinant Schistosoma antigens (Sh28GST and TPx-1). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells or enriched B cell fractions obtained from S. haematobium infected Senegalese adults were induced to terminal differentiation in vitro. The production of antibody to either antigen was donor-dependent and for each donor it was antigen-dependent. Differentiation to IgG1 and IgG3 production, and possibly IgA, specific to these conserved parasite antigens could be regulated differentially in vitro. Exogenous IL-2 and IL-10 or IL-10 and TGF-beta led to the production of specific IgG3 or IgG1 and/or IgA, respectively. This is the first report on such experimentally induced differential regulation of antigen-specific IgG1 and IgG3. This may have implications in designing protocols for protein based-vaccinations aiming at eliciting antibody responses of certain protective-type isotypes.
Vaccine development against schistosomiasis from concepts to clinical trials.
Capron A, Capron M, Riveau G.
British Medicale Bulletin, 2002, 62:139-48 (PMID : 12176856)
Schistosomiasis is still a major helminth infection at the beginning of the 21st century and an important public health problem in many non-industrialised countries. As the second major parasitic disease in the world after malaria, schistosomiasis affects 200 million people, 800 million being exposed to the risk of infection. It is also estimated that 20 million individuals suffer from severe consequences of this chronic and debilitating disease responsible for at least 500,000 deaths per year.
Prospects for a schistosome vaccine
Capron A, Riveau GJ, Bartley PB, McManus DP.
Current drug targets. Immune, endocrine and metabolic disorders, 2002, 2(3):281-90 (PMID : 12476492)
After some 20 years experience it is generally agreed that chemotherapy against schistosomiasis, a parasitic disease which should be considered a consequence of a chronic infection, does have significant limitations. In particular, chemotherapy does not affect transmission of the infection or the high re-infection rates and so limits the success by demanding frequently re-scheduled mass treatments. For this reason, a complementary approach that can be integrated and could sustain chemotherapy-based control programs, i.e. vaccination, is very much needed. The rationale is that drug treatment would provide short-term reduction of worm burdens and vaccination, long-term protective immune response. Vaccination can either be targeted towards the prevention of infection or to the reduction of parasite fecundity. A reduction in worm numbers is the "gold standard" for anti-schistosome vaccine development but, as schistosome eggs are responsible for both pathology and transmission, a vaccine targeted on parasite fecundity and egg viability also appears to be entirely relevant. This review considers various aspects of anti-schistosome protective immunity that are important in the context of vaccine development. The current status in the development of vaccines against the African (Schistosoma mansoni and S. haematobium) and Asian (S. japonicum) schistosomes is then discussed as the new approaches that may improve on the efficacy of the available vaccines and aid in the identification of new targets for immune attack.
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